Gear train



K. W. MOZUR Jan. I, 1952 GEAR TRAIN 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 22,1947 INVENTOR. 44/, 773 0 7 K. W. MOZUR Jan. 1, 1952 GEAR TRAIN 3Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 22 194'? INVENTOR. rdlai efl j- 0f K. W.MOZUR GEAR TRAIN Jan. 1, 1952 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed March 22, 1947Patented Jan. 1, 1952 UNITED STATES rare NT OF F 1 C E GEAR TRAIN;Kasimier W. Mozur, Erie,,l'a. Application March 22, 1947; sedative.-336,537

7Claims. (01414-409) This invention. relates: generally. to gauges'andmore particularly. to an: all purpose-measuring gauge for. measuring.depth; insideand. outside diameters; and having-means-w to. obtain sinceand cosines of angles;

All devices of this character, made according tothe teachingsofi theprior'artand with which I. am familiar, havernot. been accuraterforextremely close tolerances because; the tension on the hair-springisnnotequalizedin: these devices. No means hasvbeen heretofore; provided. in;one instrument to. measure depth, inside-diameters, outside diameters,screw thread.depths; sines.and cosines of. angles, etc.

Itis, accordingly, an object. offmy invention to overcome the aboveand.other defects.inmeasuring instruments; and it;is= more particularlyan object of my invention: to provide: anall purpose measuringinstrument. which. issimple in. construction', economical in; cost,efiicient in operation, andeconomical in;manufacture;

Another object. of my. invention; is: to provide a..novel equalizer fora hair-spring. ina precision instrument.

Another. object" of: my: invention.v isto provide an all purposemeasuringginstrument in which-all parts are adjustable;

Another objectof my. invention is to. provide an allpurposemeasuringinstrument. which can beread by. a. relativelyinexperienced operator;

Another object, of my" invention is to provide am all purpose: measuringinstrument. which? may beadaptedforspecial,purposes.

Another object of my invention is to provide a precision instrument forobtaining;the sineI and cosineof angles.

Otherrobjects of m-yinvention will become evident from the. followingdetailed description, taken inv conjunction. with the: accompanyingdrawings,- in which V Fig. 1- is a: side elevational view. of my novelall purpose-gauge.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view. with parts broken away, taken througha vertical. plane of my novel all purpose gauge.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary viewof the gearand rack arrangement ofthehairspring equalizer in my novel all purpose gauge.

Fig. 4 is a viewv taken on the lineA-d of Fig'. 3-.

Fig, 5 is a fragmentary sideelevational view of the; gear arrangementto.-.op.er-a te one of'theindicatorsin my, novel all purpose, gauge.

Fig, 6: isa fragmentary side elevational. view of. the. main-springarrangement in; my novel. all nurposezgauge.

Fig;v '7; is taken on the line- 1-1 01 big. 0.

Referring now to the drawings, Figs; 1 througn 7, inclusive, show abox-shaped main. frame I with a relatively movable outer frame. 2. Theframe I: hasa laterally extending outside caliper member 3 onv one sidethereof and an inside cal.- iper member 4- extending laterally fromthe-oppositezside thereof. Outer frame 2 has apertured bosses 5' and 6on opposite sides-thereof; boss 5 having disposed: therein an adjustableoutside caliper-member I- for cooperation with theoutsidefcaliper.member 3 'on-the mainframe I and the boss 6' having an adjustable insidecaliper member- 8 disposed-inv the aperture therein for cooperation-withthe inside caliper member 4 on the main frame I. Locking. screwmembers 9and I ll permitadjustment of the'caliper. members 1 and 8. Conventionalextensions (not shown) may be. utilized in cooperation with calipermembers 3, 4, 'I and 8 when the measurement isgreater thani oneinch. Amovable box-like member I2 isspaced longitudinally of the main frame- Iand is secured to, the outer: member 2 by. parallel rods I 3 and: I4.plates I5land I Gland screw members I1,, I8, I9 and'20. Rods. and Mareslotted at 21 and22=to receive projections. 23- and 24:0n the outermember. 2-; The rods. I3- and. I4- have threaded portions. and 26 forthreadable engagement with; threaded apertures '21 and 28 in the=box-like member I2. Main-springs 29 and39 aresecured to the. outermember'2e and the' rods I3-and- I41 by means; of strap. members 3I and32 securedtothe bottomof the rods I3 and Hand movable member 2 by screwmembers. II,. I8.-, I9 and 2.0.v ThespringmembersZQ and 30 urge'the topportions'33. and 34 of theouter frame'Z against the; outwardly.projecting. abutting portions. 35 and 36 and adjustable-abutting screwsand 4| on .themain frameI. The-spring 29 is-disposed on ashaft 36 in themain. frame I and is fixed thereto. by a screw member 31. The-straps: 3I

and 32 are,- secured. to groovedcylindrical members, 3B,..journal1ed onvthe shafts 3.6 by screw memberssa.

Themain-frame. I has disposed therein side plates 50 and 5| havingjournalledtherein shafts 52; 53; 5.4. and155; A-rackgear SIS-engagespinion 57-, fixedlymounted-on shaft 5 2. Gear58;is also fixedlymountedonshaft 52 and-engages a pinion ifl fixedly mounted on shaft 53..Gear GIL-is also fixedly mounted. on shaft 53 and engages pinion 6I-mounted on shafta'54. PiniorrG-I: engages gear 62 fixedly mounted onshaft A hair-spring. 64 has; the-inner end thereof attached to shaft 55;and-.the outerend; thereofhas a laterallyrextend- 3 ing portion 65,which engages an arm 66 attached to and movable with a gear 61 freelymounted on shaft 55. A second rack gear 68 has an outwardly extendingarm 69 attached to the bottom thereof by a screw member 10. Theoutwardly extending arm 69 of the rack gear 68 is adapted to engage anoutwardly extending projecting portion 12 on the rack gear 56. The arm66 and the gear 81 are adapted to move in the same direction as that ofgear 62 which is mounted on the shaft 55. A gear 14 is freely mounted onthe shaft 54 and is engaged by a gear 15 which is rotated by a gear 16on the shaft 52. The gear 14 carries an indicating arm ll which movestwenty times as fast as indicating arm 18, fixed on the shaft 54 andmovable over a dial 289 graduated to hmm'of an inch. The indicating arm18 is adapted to indicate thousandths of an inch, and indicating arm Hiscumulative of the movement of the outer 5 arm 18. A conventionalhairspring I50 maintains tension between rack gear 56, pinion gear 51,gear 16, gear 15, and gear 14.

The rack gear shaft 58 has longitudinally extending internally threadedapertures 88 and 8| in the ends thereof. Threaded aperture 80 is adaptedto receive a threaded member 82 which hreadably engages an adjustablemember 83, whereby the rack gear 56- may be adjusted longitudinally inrelation to an abutting member 84 disposed in the box-like member l2.The oppositely disposed threaded aperture 8| in the rack gear 56receives the threaded portion 85 of a depth measuring rod 86. Depthmeasuring rod 86 moves through an aperture 81 in an abutting member 88,which has a threaded portion 89 for threadably engaging threadedaperture 98 in the box-like main frame member I. Flanged bushings 92,93, and 94 are utilized in the main frame member I to guide rods l3 andt4 and the rack gear 56.

The box-like member l2 has a laterally extending shaft 100 disposedtherein and held in position. by a threaded abutting member NH and aspring-urged flanged member 182. The shaft I09 has a member I93 disposedat right angles thereto on the outer end thereof for measuring depth ofscrew threads and the like. The pointer member 103 may also be used tomove along a tapered surface to measure the tapers to determine sines,cosines, etc. Any suitable attachment may be utilized instead of thepointed member I03 on the shaft I08. On the opposite side of theboxshaped member 12 a laterally movable shaft H is disposed in a flangedthreaded bushing Hi threadably engaging a, threaded aperture H2 in themember [2. The inner end of the shaft H8 has an enlarged portion H3 withan outwardly extending pin H4 for engaging a slotted aperture 1 E in apivoted bell-crank member H6. One end Ill of the bell crank memberengages a shoulder H8 on the shaft 84 and thereby moves the shaft H0laterally upon movement of the shaft 84. A face member I2! is disposedon the box-like member l2 to provide a fiat seating surface whenutilizing the pointer member I83 and the outwardly movable member H0.Suitable attachments (not shown) maybe disposed on the outer end of theshaft ill] to accommodate different type surfaces to be measured.

It will be evident thatmany forms of attachments may be utilized on mynovel all purpose gauge to increase distances between caliper members 3and 4, and I and 8, and the pointed member [83 may take many differentforms, and many different attaching members may be disposed on themember H0 to determine sines, cosines, etc. of angular surfaces and forother purposes.

In operation, when it is desired to determine the inside diameter of anaperture, the projecting inside caliper members 3 and l are disposed inan aperture and the b0 -like member I2 is moved toward the main frame Iuntil the faces of the caliper members 3 and I touch the sides of theaperture, whereupon a reading is made on the dial 208 by inspecting theposition of the indicators 11 and 18. When it is desired to obtain theoutside diameter of an object, the caliper members 4 and 8 are opened bymoving the member, i2 towards the main frame i and the caliper members 4and 8 are disposed on the surfaces of opposite sides of the object, andthe measurement is obtained,by inspecting the position of the indicatorsHand 18 with respect to their position on the dial 280. When it isdesired to obtain a depth reading, the bottom of the depth rod which isflush with the end of the member 88 when the indicating arms 11 and 18are zeroized is disposed over the recess to be measured. Member 12' isthen moved towards main frame I after the abutting member 86 is placedover the aperture and when the end of the depth rod 86 reaches thebottom of the aperture, the measurement can be obtained by inspectingthe position of the arms 11 and 18 on the dial 290. When it is desiredto utilize the pointed member I03 for measuring a tapered surface theface member I2! is disposed on a surface adjacent the irregular surfaceand then moved along the surface until the desired point is reached onthe tapered sur- 7 face at which time the reading can be taken from thearms 11 and 18 on the dial 288. When it is desired to measure a lateraltapered surface to determine the sine, cosine or the like, the facemember [2! is disposed on a flat surface adjacent the surface to bemeasured; The measuring rod H0 is then disposed on the tapered surfaceand moved along the tapered surface until the desired point is reached.The movement of the rod I III moves the bell crank I I6 and themeasurement is indicated on the dial 290 by the position of theindicator arms 11 and 18.

A novel feature of my invention is the operation of my equalizinghairspring 64. When the pointer 11 moves around the dial halfway,designating one-half inch on my novel measuring instrument, thehairspring 64 reaches its maximum point of compression. Without anyother intervening means, the measurements taken from the halfway pointon my indicator dial 288 around to the zero point would not be accurate,inasmuch as the hairspring would be practically inoperative in itsmaximum compressed position. To remedy this situation, I have providedan abutting member 12 on the rack gear 56 which engages arm 69 on therack gear 68 when the pointer arm 11 is halfway around the dial 280. Therack gear 68 engages the pinion 61, and upon further movement of therack gear 68, the pinion 61 is rotated, with the result that the arm 66,movable with the pinion Bl, engages the outwardly extending portion ofthe hair-spring 64 and tends to unwind the hairspring during the'movement of the pointer arm 11 from the halfway point to the zero point onthe dial 200. The tension in the hairspring 84 is therefore equalized,and an equal tension is placed on the gears and pinions 52, 61. 68,59,and 58 at all times. The pointer arm 18, denoting a measurement of /1000of an inch on each division of the dial 206, is rotated by movement ofthe rack gear 56 which engages pinion gear 51, gear 58, pinion 59, gear60, pinion 6|, and gear 62. Pointer arm 11 is also rotated by rack gear56 through pinion 51 in engagement therewith, which rotates shaft 52with pinion 16 thereon in engagement with gear 15 which further engagesgear 54 upon which the pointer arm 11 is mounted and is movabletherewith. The main springs 29 and 39 urge abutting screws 35 and 36 ofthe main frame I and the abutting portions 33 and 34 of the movableframe 2 into engagement at all times.

It will be evident from the foregoing that I have provided an allpurpose gauge which accurately measures depth, inside and outsidediameters, lateral measurements, measurements of tapered surfaces andmany other measurements required.

Various changes may be made in the specific embodiment of my inventionwithout departing from the spirit thereof, or from the scope of theappended claims.

What I claim is:

1. In an all purpose gauge, in combination a hairspring equalizercomprising a rack having a projecting portion, main gears engaging saidrack, a hairspring gear engaging said main gears, a shaft upon whichsaid hairspring gear is fixedly mounted, a spirally-wound hairspringfixedly mounted on said shaft having a laterally extend ing portion, apinion freely mounted on said pinion, and a second rack engaging saidpinion adapted to be moved by the projecting portion of said firstmentioned rack to move said arm in the direction of said hairspring gearwhereby said hairspring tends to unwind when a predetermined point ofrotation is reached.

2. In a precision instrument, in combination, a rack gear, an engaginggear train having one gear engaging said rack gear, indicating meansoperated by one of said gears in said gear train, a hairspring shaft,one of said gears in said gear train fixedly mounted on said shaft, aspiral hairspring having the inner end thereof fixedly mounted on saidshaft and having theouter end thereof free, a rotatable member on saidhairspring shaft, and means engaging said rotatable hairspring to unwindsame in the direction of rotation of said hairspring shaft.

3. In combination with a gear system, a rack gear, an engaging geartrain having one gear engaging said rack gear, a shaft having one ofsaid gears in said gear train fixedly mounted thereon, a spiral shapedhairspring having the 4. In a precision instrument, in combination,

a shaft, a spiral hairspring having one end thereof fixed to said shaftand the other end thereof free, indicating means, means for rotatingsaid shaft and for moving said indicating means in unison, rotatablemeans mounted on said shaft for engaging the free end of said hairspringto unwind same upon a predetermined rotation of said shaft, and meansfor rotating said rotating means operable by said means for rotatingsaid shaft and for moving said indicating means in unison, upon apredetermined movement thereof.

5. In a precision instrument, in combination, a longitudinally movablemember, a shaft, indicating means, means for transferring rotative forcefrom said member to said shaft and said indicating means, a hairspringhaving the inner end thereof fixed to said shaft and the outer endthereof free, a rotatable member for engaging the free end of saidspring to unwind same, and means for transferring motion from saidlongitudinally movable member to said rotatable member, upon apredetermined movement thereof for rotating said rotatable member.

6. In a precision instrument, in combination, a longitudinally movablemember for engaging a piece to be measured, a shaft, indicating means,means for transferring rotative force from said member to said shaft andto said indicating means, a spiral hairspring having the inner endthereof fixed to said shaft and the outer end thereof free, a rotatablearm freel -mounted on said shaft engageable with the free end of saidspring, and means engagable by said longitudinally movable member forrotating said arm upon a predetermined movement thereof and apredetermined rotation of said shaft, for unwinding said hairspring.

7. In a gear system, in combination, engaging gears including a drivingand a driven gear, means for rotating said gears, a shaft for mount-'ing said driven gear, a spiral hairspring having the inner end thereoffixed to said shaft and having the outer end thereof free formaintaining tension between said engaging gears, a rotatable member onsaid shaft mounting said driven gear engageable with the free end ofsaid spring, and means movable by said means for rotating said gearsupon a predetermined movement thereof and upon a predetermined rotationof said driven gear for rotating said rotatable member to unwind saidhairspring.

KASIMIER W. MOZUR.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS

